In line with this speculation, TGFβ3 but not TGFβ1, has been found to be positively associated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients and inversely correlated with the survival of patients with osteosarcoma (Kloen et al, 1997; Li et al, 1998), suggesting that modulating role of TGFβ3 in tumour progression may differ in various tumour types. Here, TGFB1 is linked to breast carcinoma.