In order to rule out the possibility of the tumour-suppressive activity observed in vivo being due to a clonal effect, U-118 MG cells were again transfected with pcDNA3-hCAR, pcDNA3-hCARΔD1 or pcDNA3-hCARΔD2 and stable transfectants selected in the presence of 400 μg ml−1 G418. Here, CXADR is linked to neoplasm.