TGF-β1 has recently been shown to activate caspase-3 to induce apoptosis in the NRP-154 prostate epithelial cell line (Chipuk et al, 2001), evidence supporting our hypothesis that doxazosin may activate apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through TGF-β1 signalling. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is prostate cancer.