PTGS2 and neoplasm: In summary, we have shown that intracellular levels of NF-κB-p65 and IKKα are increased in malignant colorectal epithelial cells, compatible with the hypothesis that NF-κB is involved in COX-2 induction in these tumours, and possibly the activation of other antiapoptotic genes that influence the development of colorectal carcinogenesis.