Since all these factors contribute to oesophageal carcinogenesis and cancer progression, COX-2 appears to be a promising target protein for innovative chemoprevention strategies (Kawamori et al, 1998; Harris et al, 2000; Steinbach et al, 2000; Buttar et al, 2002; Thun et al, 2002; Zweifel et al, 2002). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and cancer.