This novel role for ET-1 was demonstrated for rat endothelial cells (Shichiri et al, 1997), human smooth muscle cells (Wu-Wong et al, 1997), rat colon carcinoma cells (Peduto-Eberl et al, 2000) and human glioblastoma cells (Egidy et al, 2000c). This evidence concerns the gene EDN1 and colon carcinoma.