IFNA17 and renal cell carcinoma: While renal-cell carcinoma responds poorly to single-agent chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, immunotherapies with subcutaneous (s.c.)recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone or in combination with s.c. recombinant interferon-α (INF-α) yielded significant therapeutic efficacy in renal-cell carcinoma (Atzpodien et al, 1990,2001,2002; Sleijfer et al, 1992).