Contrary to the above-mentioned studies, it has been reported that caveolin-1 levels were reduced in a variety of cancer cell lines and cancer specimens (including human breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and sarcoma) (Lee et al, 1998; Racine et al, 1999; Bender et al, 2000; Wiechen et al, 2001a,b). This evidence concerns the gene CAV1 and breast cancer.