Three studies have evaluated occurrence of pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis with respect to KRAS2 mutations in pancreatic juice: only one found an increase in pancreatic cancer in patients with KRAS2 mutations with methodological limitations (few cases, early diagnosis of cancer after inclusion) (Furuya et al, 1997; Lohr et al, 2001; Queneau et al, 2001). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and cancer.