TGF-β-induced growth inhibition seen in Hs578T breast cancer cells, as well as the TGF-β-induced proliferation seen in colon cancer cells and human airway smooth muscle cells is at least partially mediated by IGFBP-3 (Oh et al, 1995; Cohen et al, 2000; Kansra et al, 2000). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast cancer.