TNF and renal cell carcinoma: It has been reported that TNFα is produced from RCC cells (Gogusev et al, 1993), but Waase et al (1992) reported that mRNA of TNF was expressed in infiltrating monocytes–macrophages in RCC but never by the tumour cells, and that the degree of TNF-α production in RCC depends on tumour spread to the draining lymph nodes.