A similar absence of correlation has also been noted in gastric (Lu et al, 1998), colorectal (Kawasaki et al, 1998; Sarela et al, 2001) and breast cancers (Tanaka et al, 2000), although Survivin expression is associated with a histologically more aggressive phenotype of neuroblastomas (Adida et al, 1998a) and transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder (Swana et al, 1999). This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and neuroblastoma.