Stratified by Dukes stage, the median plasma VEGF concentration among the CRC patients was as follows: Stage A: 27 pg ml−1 (range 0–440); stage B: 44 pg ml−1 (range 0–1185); stage C: 44 pg ml−1 (range 0–706), and stage D: 74 pg ml−1 (range 0–543). Here, VEGFA is linked to colorectal carcinoma.