This is in agreement with our previous results on CD8+ CTL populations stimulated by HPV16/18 full length E7-pulsed DC in cervical cancer patients (Santin et al, 1999a), as well as the results of others (Hilders et al, 1994; Pittet et al, 2000), where CD56 expression by CD8+ CTL was shown to correlate with cytotoxic activity against autologous tumour cells. Here, NCAM1 is linked to neoplasm.